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European Pepper Moth Duponchelia fovealis Zeller 1847
-- Lepidoptera: Crambidae |
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This Pepper Moth is endemic to the
Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands, but now it is esblished in
many countries in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. It has a broad host range, but it is a
serious agricultural pest of peppers and strawberries in Europe and aquatic
ornamental plants as well. It is
uncertain how the moths entered the U.S., but in the summer of 2010 it was
considered established in at least 15 states. It has become a significant pest of ornamental plant
production, especially in potted poinsettia production. The
moth adult is 9-12 mm long with a wingspan of 19-21 mm. The abdomen of the male is longer and
narrower than that of the female.
Adults turn their abdomens up vertically, but this is much more
pronounced in the males. The moth
occurs in shades of brown with grey.
The forewings show distinctive patterns and have two transverse
golden-brown bands, the lower with a pronounced finger-shaped curve pointing
backward. The life span for the adult
is from 1 to 2 weeks. During that
time, the female may lay up to 200 eggs which are white when first laid, but
darken to red or reddish orange when mature.
They may occur singly or in small batches on plants and other
surfaces. Larvae are light to dark
brown with a dark brown head capsule.
They produce silk and may be found in association with webbing along
the soil surface and in the crown of the plant. Larvae pupate inside 15-19 mm long cocoons composed of webbing
and detritus or soil particles. The
cocoon is usually attached to the undersides of leaves, the edge of a potted
plant, or the undersides of the pots.
Adults emerge in 1-2 weeks. In greenhouses in Southern California,
there may be multiple generations throughout the year.
Some
biological controls involve products containing the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are effective
when applied against early instars.
Generalist predators such as the soil-dwelling predatory mite
Stratiolaelaps miles, and the rove beetle Atheta
coriaria also can be effective,
and both are sold in the United States.
Liberations of several species of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma are effective for enhancing
crop production. REFERENCES:
FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES Arzone, A, I.
Tavella & A. Alma. 2002.
Evoluzione dei problemi entomologici delle coltivazioni floricole e
florovivaistiche. Informatore
Fitopatologico 52 (2): 22-31. Billen, W. 1994. On the harmfulness of Duponchelia
fovealis (Zeller, 1847) in Germany (Lepidoptera,
Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterol 16
(3/4): 212. Bonsignore, C. P. & V. Vacante. 2010. Duponchelia
fovealis (Zeller). Une nuova emergenza per la
fragola?. Protezione delle
colture, pp. 40-43. Clark, J. S.
2000. Duponchelia fovealis
(Zell.) arriving on imported plant material.
Atropos 10:
20-21. Faquaet, M.
2000. Duponchelia fovealis,
een nieuwe soort voor de Belgische fauna (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Phegea 28: 1. Guda, C. D, A. Capizzi. & P.
Trematerra. 1988. Damages on Eustoma grandiflorum
(Raf.) Shinn. caused by Duponchelia fovealis
(Zeller). Annali dell'Istituto
Sperimentale per la Floricultura 19:
3-11. Jackel, B, B. Kummer. & M. Kurhais.
1996. Biological control of Duponchelia
fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Mitteilungen aus der Biologishen fur Land und
Forstwirtschaft 321: 483. MacLeod, A.
1996. Summary Pest Risk
Assessment: Duponchelia fovealis. DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs),
Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom. Marek, J.
& E. Bártová. 1998. Duponchelia fovealis Zeller,
1847, a new pest of glasshouse plants in the Czech Republic. Plant Protection Science 34: 151-152. Messelink G. & W. Van Wensveen.
2003. Biocontrol of
Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with
soil-dwelling predators in potted plants.
Communications in Agriculture and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent
University, 68 (4a): 159-165. Pijnakker, J.
2001. Duponchelia fovealis,
le lépidoptčre redouté des plantes en pot aux Pays-Bas. Revue Horticole 429: 51-53. Trematerra, P. 1990. Morphological aspects of Duponchelia
fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Redia 73: 41-52. Zandigiacimo, P. &
F. M. Buian. 2007. Duponchelia fovealis: Un
Lepidopterro Crambide Dannoso alle Colture Floricole. Notiziario ERSA, 20: 3-5. Zimmermann, O. 2004. Use of Trichogramma
wasps in Germany; Present status of research and commercial application of
egg parasitoids against lepidopterous pests for crops. Gesunde Pflanzen 56: 157-166. El-Heneidy,
A. H. & Fawzia A. Hawwanein. 1986. Meteorus
gyrator Thunberg and M. rubens Nees. (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae), new recorded
parasitoids, on certain lepidopterous pests in Egypt. Zeitschrift angewandete
Entomologie (1986). Hawwanein, Fawzia A. & A. H. El-Heneidy. 1988. Comparative study
of the parasitism by Microplitis
rufiventris Kok. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Periboae orbate Wied. (Diptera: Tachinidae)
on main lepidopterous pests in vegetable crop fields in Egypt. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte, Econ.
Ser. 17: 127-135. Hawwanein, Fawzia A.; A. H. El-Heneidy, M. S. Abbas &
A. R. Hamed. 1985. Survey of the parasitoids of main
lepidopterous pests in vegetable crop fields in Egypt. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte, 65: 259 -265. Honda, J. & S. V. Triapitzin. 1995a. A species description and biological
comparison between a new species of Telenomus Haliday (Hymenoptera:
Scelionidae) and Trichogramma platneri
Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae): two egg parasitoids of Sabulodes aegrotata (Guene=E9)
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Pan-Pacific Entomol.
71 (4): 227-236. Honda,
J. & S. V. Triapitzin. 1995b. A species description and biological
comparison between a new species of Telenomus Haliday (Hymenoptera:
Scelionidae) and Trichogramma platneri
Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae): two egg parasitoids of Sabulodes aegrotata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 72 (3): 168-170. Triapitzin, S. V. & T. M. Tretiakova. 1997.
Sexual behavior of Apanteles oenone
Nixon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), an exotic parasitoid of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Russian Entomological Journal 6
(1-2): 71-72. |